Gas-producer.



0. M. GARLAND.

GAS PRODUCER.

APPLIOATION TILED nm'ls, 1913.

1,114,979, Patented Oct. 27, 1914.

MT/M56556. jNl ENT'OT? v $6 1M M j CLAUDE M. GARLAND,

EPIC,

or emailed, ILLINOIS.

GAS-PRODUCER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 27, 1914.

Application filed December 15, 1913. Serial No. 808,736.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CLAUDE M. GARLAND, acitizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Gas-Producers, of Which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to that type of gas producer in which a mixtureof air with an endothermic reagent such as steam or carbon dioxid, isforced lthrough a bed of incandescent fuel whereby a combustible gas isgenerated.

' The general object, of my invention is to provide a producer of thistype, (for the asification of bituminous coals and other tuelscontaining large quantities of volatile matter in the form ofhydro-carbon), in which the volatile matter contained in the fuel isdistilled oil at a low temperature which results in the formation oflight oils and fixed or permanent gases, instead of heavy pitch or tar.The distillation of the volatile matter at a low temperaturc'alsoresults in the destruction of the coking or caking properties ofbituminous coals. The general result is, therefore, the production of aproducer for the gasification of bituminous coals which produces a gasessentially free from tar, of a high calorific value, due to theformation of fixed gases from the volatile matter, and easy to scrub.The destruction of the coking properties of the fuel makes the fueleasier to operate in the producer and the formation of fixed gases fromthe volatile matter raises the efficiency of the producer; The li htoil's formed may be re covered "in scrub wing and can be used asvaluable by-products. The low temperature distillation is accomplishedin an upper or distillation chamber, by passing, a non oxidizing gas ata temperature under 700 F., downward through the green fuel contained inthe chamber. Super-heated steam may be used as the gas or a portion ofthe gas generated from the colic remaining after distillation may beused. I prefer, however, to use a mixture of the steam and the gasgenerated from the coke as this arrangement provides a means oi securinga desirable temperature control over the mixture cntcring thedistillation chamber, which will be brought out later. A non-oxidizinggas is used to prevent the combustion of the fuel which ignites at avery low temperature.

The results I accomplish in the manner herein described, reference beingbad to the accompanying drawing which forms a part of thesespecifications, wherein: the figure represents a sectional elevation ofa producer embodying my improvements, the s'cction being taken on thecenter line.

The numeral 1 indicates a gas generating chamber built up of the M andtop plate 5, supported in the seal ring 11 which is in turn mounted onthe columns 10.

12 is a concrete water basin into which the seal ring 11 dips.

8 is a blast pipe provided with the hood 7 which prevents ash or cokefrom falling into the pipe V 9 is a flanged connection to which a blowermay beattachcd for producing the blast.

Onithe top plate 5 is mounted the who hole covers 6 and the outer wall13 o the distillation chamber 2. The outer wall 13 is in the form of asteam generating space 42 and is provided 'with a water inlet 14, asteam outlet 15 and a gage glass. not shown. .lletwccn the outer wall 13and the inner wall 41 of the distillation chamber is an annular gasspace 40, through which the gas passes to the gas exit 18. Communicatingwith the distillation chamber 2, is the pipe 11) which communicates withthe pipe 21 which in turn (-mnnulnicatcs with the gas space in thechamber 1 at 23. y

22 is a valve located in the 24 indicates a the pipe 19.

15 indicates a steam outlet pipe communicating with the steam space 42.In thepipe 15 is the cutoff valve 31. The pipe Ill-3 loommunicates withthe three-way valve 21) which is provided with the rotating plug, 32which is rigidly attached to the arm 33. Communicating with the threeway valve 20 and the pipe 25 is the pipe 27. The pipe 26 communicateswith the three way val re 20 and the super-heating coil 39 which in turncommunicates with the pipe 25 which communicates with the steam nozzle24.

30 is a stop valve in the pipe 25.

28 is an outside steam supply pipe communicating' with the steam outletpipe 15.

39 is a slop valve located in the pipe 528.

$17 llltllfllllQS a thcru'iostat oi a type common lo the art which isfilled with a volatile pipe 91. steam nozzle extending into brick lining3, shell l" bins 27 or iihm'awh the i A. k a ,2)

and a stem 38. The am- 430 the bracket 4-3 and the ism arm 35 ispivoted. a 1'61" which is in turn pivaiaed to the arm 33 '5 the Valve20.

3.6 indicates th cover plate Of the chamber .2 on which is mounted $119,charging device 17.

The opeiwfiisn of the pmqimer is as foilows: An incanciascent bed 0%coke is farmed iii the chamber 1, the :112- manner of Siiilliing umrnduce 4 this is Z is ihix 1' umbii '5 asks m: twe m3 iie w steam andair? if;

ipe 0r: fiKWyQZ' ping into 1 1 .12 vent: the m This up? 5 asks wnmin'aaamimg @mrmus through tim through the a 5:3 i

up thrnugh the spaQB-ei-U generates swam in The space 42, and aim K1}?the fuel am min-ed in ihe chamisezr Th6 steam space +22 absorbs heat the21$ 3 filmy to the elitist 18 w ah prevents tbs gases reachmfi' $01)high be npemture in ihe space M) Whicn wouiciczmm formation of tar mmthe wieitiie limiter in the green fuel $0 be him the disiiliation 2 Asscam staa m is @"enerated in 422 green is slowly filming-h. the dsvic a1?. The passes out through the p.79 15 tins Mimi 30 three-Way valve 20and the Liar-gammy 71213 -13 either dived; i; nozzle 2% thr-augh e 26,511538)?- iwming coii s 630 steam 11m:- Zie the exam nazziea 24 the $232.31?! ism a5} in the farm 0;? a jea into the chambei As the iswes thenozzie it produces a suctian in Libs pipes 19 and 21 and the vaivvs- 22open a poi'fiiezn 0f the gas generated fibechamber 1 is cimwn up thepipe 21 into the pipe 15} mid, is dis-chargeci inta 2- mixed with iihe aKimmie 24. in. nrder i generata an excessive amount of from thevoisizilematm" a i'JGi'3WED 4 1-09 i00 Fjsimuici be maintained thechamber 2, depending somewhat upon the character of "the; fuel Thethermogiai; 37 which is cnmmnn the art is ordinai'iiy made adjustaifleso that it may be set to maintain (iii-Tenant- 'mmperatures. In theoperation of the pi'miucer the steam leaving the space 42 will notExceed 300 F The combustible gases leaving the chamber" 1 may vary from800 P2 1200 3?. depending npnn H10 rats.- ni Working; of the vducer andother mm 30113. There imes,

mifi i the combus'kiifle wmii l not prndu se temperature of 700 F. inthe chmnbm" 2. Ta avoid. this she superheating coils 39 are used. If thei)i11 f)9,1'atUI(-3 of the mixture fails to reach the temperature i 01Nixie-i1 the thermostat is set, 700 F. for az-zampi e, Uni-1 thermostatwill cause 1w arm 33 30 risa izhereby rotating plug 32 W 3h causes allOf the 1111 m flirmlgii pipe 536 anci superileating coils 39 10016 x the1m of chamber cans" quenfly hat {9f the iiicaz ck shswza. in the 139m. iam iiim'ugh co ls 39. two si'imild, rise 211mm 7% stat, actiii iihi'mighthe 51 and ranch drip iheifeby i'oiaimg 131% 3. 20., so that a "pm-10m mWniiid pass thm'i nozzle 24. it w cenvsn ent 17%152111216 mi miner 2i Inthe opei'mion alona 0012M be 119 in the pipe 21. I this with pmriion ofcumbusu from chamber L, which cmziziins cm oxid isnia ii quantities.This on may, under proper cmuiiiams unite "7% some 01? the cieccmpnsingh3 a1r0--amim the lower part of c A 0 f r L times due means 1"01?causing a, mixture 0% endnthei'mic gent is pass upwm'd mm'a the said gasgenerating; chamiz al", means musing mnmizidizing m pass dawn- Wardthrough said. ciistiiiafion cimmbm, thermostatic means for main bziimingiifw temperature 0f the said non-oxidlizing gas-as wrist-ant, anti a gasmaiic for the gas amfimia tile matter generated.

2. In a gas producer a lower gas genei'ai' ing chamber, an uppardistillation chamber, means for causing a mixtum @if air withendothermic reagent is pass rci throw $1 @110, said lawmgzis generatingchambcer, 70031113? 1' combustible gas is ganemtedi, means for causing"swam m mass through the said upper distillation chamber, whereby thevolatile matter is distilled olf, means for controlling the temperatureof the said steam, and a as off-take for the said volatile matter MICFthe said combustible gas.

3. In a gas producer, a lower gas generating chamber, an upperdistillation chamber, a conmiunicating means communicating with the gasspace in the upper portion of the said lower gas generating chamber andwith the interior of the upper part, of the said upper distillationchamber, means for causing a mixture of air with an endothermic reagentto pass upward through the said lower gas generating chamber whereby acombustible gas is generated, means ior causing a portion of the saidcombustible nular gas passage formed between the inner.

and outer walls of the said upperchamber, a gas exit coimnunicating withthe sai rlan; nular gas passage, a pipe communicatin with the upperportion of the said lowe chamber and the upper portion of the said upperchamber, a steam nozzle in the said pipe, a super-heating coil in thelining of the said producer, a three-way valve, a pipe communicatingwith the said steam generating space and the said thrce-way valve, apipe communicating with the said thrceway valve and the saidsupcrheating coil, a

top oi. the said upper pipe communicating with the said threeway valveand the said steam nozzle and a pipe communicating with the said steamnozzle and the said superheating coils.

5. In a gas producer, a lower chamber, a double walled upper chamber,the said upper chamber having a free opening into the said lowerchamber, a steam generating space formed in the outer wall of the saidupper chamber, an annular gas passage formed between the inner and theouter walls of the said upper chamber, a gas exit communicating with thesaid gas pwsage, a pipe communicating with the upper part of the saidlower chamber, and with the upper part of the said upper chamber,asteamnozzle in the said pipe, a three-way valve, a pipe communicating withthe said steam generating space and the said three-way valve, a pipecommunicating with the said three-way valve and the said steam nozzle, asuper-heating coil in the lining of the said lower chamber, a pipecommunicating with the said three-way valve and thesaid superheatingcoil, a pipe communicating with the said supcrheating coil and the saidsteam nozzle, a thermostat located in the top of the said upper chamber,operating connections between the said thermostat and the said three-wayvalve, whereby the said thermostat operates the said three-way valve tomaintain a constant temperature of the gases delivered to the said upperchamber, a twyer at the bottom of the said lower chamber, and a fuelcharging device at the chalnbcr, substantially :5 described.

" In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification inthe presence of two shbscribing witnesses.

CLAUDE M. GARLAND.

